Introduction to Intermittent Fasting and Fasting Protocols (2024)

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Introduction to Intermittent Fasting and Fasting Protocols (1)

Writtenby Krista Scott-Dixon

Medically reviewedby Louise Bula, RD

Introduction to Intermittent Fasting and Fasting Protocols (3)

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    Intermittent fasting is more than the latest weight loss trend — it’s a path to better health and a more thoughtful relationship with food.

    Introduction to Intermittent Fasting and Fasting Protocols (4)

    While fasting is as old as humans, modern research suggests that intermittent fasting has many benefits, ranging from overall metabolic health to specific improvements in organs like the brain and heart.[1]

    This short-and-sweet overview of fasting will explain:

    • how fasting works;
    • what the benefits of fasting are; and
    • how to choose the approach that’s best for you.

    What is intermittent fasting?

    Fasting simply means taking a break from eating — although you make sure to stay hydrated with calorie-free drinks like water, black coffee, or unsweetened black, green, or herbal tea.

    Intermittent fasting means doing this, well, intermittently. You abstain from food for a period of time and then eat normally.

    Typical intermittent fasting protocols include the following:

    • Time-restricted eating (TRE): Fast for several hours, most likely overnight, then enjoy an “eating window” of normal eating. There are many types of TRE schedules, such as:
      • 12:12 (12 hours fasting + 12 hours eating)
      • 14:10 (14 hours fasting + 10 hours eating)
      • 16:8 (16 hours fasting + 8 hours eating)
    • 5:2: Eat normally five days per week, interspersed with two non-consecutive days of fasting.
    • Alternate day fasting (ADF): You’ll eat normally on day one, eat no more than 500 calories on day two, then repeat.
    • Eat Stop Eat: Eat normally through dinner on day one, abstain from food until dinner on day two, then repeat.

    There’s no one way to do intermittent fasting, and there’s a fasting plan to fit everyone’s lifestyle.

    However, at SIMPLE, we recommend time-restricted eating.

    It’s the safest and simplest option for most people, and most of our SIMPLE users also like the convenience and flexibility of time-restricted eating.

    Introduction to Intermittent Fasting and Fasting Protocols (5)

    How does fasting work?

    Flipping the metabolic switch to fat burning

    About 8–12 hours after your last meal, your body runs out of fuel and nutrients from that meal as well as whatever it’s stored in the liver.

    It needs to keep your body going, so it does something that scientists informally call “flipping the metabolic switch.”[2]

    With this switch, your body shifts from primarily using carbohydrate-based glycogen for energy to using stored fat from your fat tissues. This stored fat gets turned into substances called free fatty acids and then into ketones.

    Thus, you might know this state as being in ketosis.

    This is a normal process that evolved to make sure our brain always has fuel, even if we have to go a little longer without food.

    This metabolic shift is linked to many physiological changes that seem to have health benefits.[2]

    You can see when your body switches to “fat-burning mode” by checking the Metabolic Status indicator in the SIMPLE app while fasting.

    What are the benefits of intermittent fasting?

    Introduction to Intermittent Fasting and Fasting Protocols (6)

    We’ll take a closer look at the benefits of intermittent fasting in Article 1 of this guide, but here’s a quick list of the “greatest hits”:

    Weight loss: Fasting usually means eating less overall, which can help people lose weight without feeling deprived or having to “go on a diet.” Longer periods of fasting and shorter eating windows (such as 16:8) seem to help the most.[3–5]

    Metabolic health: Intermittent fasting improves many indicators of metabolic health, such as:[6–8]

    • insulin sensitivity, or how responsive your cells are to insulin — which means better blood sugar management
    • markers of heart health, such as blood pressure or better cholesterol levels

    Brain health: Intermittent fasting is increasingly being studied for its effects on the brain, nervous system, and cognitive functions.[9] Many people report feeling more alert and focused while fasting. There is also some evidence that fasting may help slow neurodegeneration (i.e., a decline in brain or nervous system functions).

    Mindful eating and hunger awareness: Many people find they’re more aware of their hunger cues when they fast, which helps them eat more intuitively. Fasting gives us an opportunity to experience being truly physically hungry and to appreciate nourishing our bodies when we do eat.

    Learn more: the complete intermittent fasting guide

    Inspired and want to learn more? Great!

    Check out each of these articles for a deep dive into various aspects of intermittent fasting.

    We hope this quick guide on intermittent fasting helps motivate you on your journey to better health.

    The more you know about intermittent fasting, the more likely you’ll be to stick with your fasting plan and see positive results. Enjoy!

    11 intermittent fasting benefits

    Intermittent fasting to lose weight

    What to eat during intermittent fasting

    What to drink during intermittent fasting

    Intermittent fasting plans for beginners

    Introduction to Intermittent Fasting and Fasting Protocols (7)

    1. Anton SD, Moehl K, Donahoo WT, Marosi K, Lee SA, Mainous AG 3rd, et al. Flipping the metabolic switch: Understanding and applying the health benefits of fasting. Obesity . 2018 Feb;26(2):254–68.
    2. Welton S, Minty R, O’Driscoll T, Willms H, Poirier D, Madden S, et al. Intermittent fasting and weight loss: Systematic review. Can Fam Physician. 2020 Feb;66(2):117–25.
    3. Varady KA, Cienfuegos S, Ezpeleta M, Gabel K. Clinical application of intermittent fasting for weight loss: Progress and future directions. Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2022 May;18(5):309–21.
    4. Kim JY. Optimal diet strategies for weight loss and weight loss maintenance. J Obes Metab Syndr. 2021 Mar 30;30(1):20–31.
    5. Liu S, Zeng M, Wan W, Huang M, Li X, Xie Z, et al. The health-promoting effects and the mechanism of intermittent fasting. J Diabetes Res. 2023 Mar 3;2023:4038546.
    6. van den Burg EL, van Peet PG, Schoonakker MP, van de Haar DE, Numans ME, Pijl H. Metabolic impact of intermittent energy restriction and periodic fasting in patients with type 2 diabetes: A systematic review. Nutr Rev. 2023 Sep 11;81(10):1329–50.
    7. Templeman I, Gonzalez JT, Thompson D, Betts JA. The role of intermittent fasting and meal timing in weight management and metabolic health. Proc Nutr Soc. 2020 Feb;79(1):76–87.
    8. Gudden J, Arias Vasquez A, Bloemendaal M. The effects of intermittent fasting on brain and cognitive function. Nutrients. 2021 Sep 10;13(9).

    Guides

    Writtenby Krista Scott-Dixon

    Medically reviewedby Louise Bula, RD

    Introduction to Intermittent Fasting and Fasting Protocols (9)

    Introduction to Intermittent Fasting and Fasting Protocols (2024)

    FAQs

    Introduction to Intermittent Fasting and Fasting Protocols? ›

    Intermittent fasting means that you don't eat for a period of time each day or week. Some popular approaches to intermittent fasting include: Alternate-day fasting. Eat a normal diet one day and either completely fast or have one small meal (less than 500 calories) the next day.

    What are the protocols for intermittent fasting? ›

    Intermittent Fasting Plans

    You can pick a daily approach, which restricts daily eating to one six- to eight-hour period each day. For instance, you may choose to try 16/8 fasting: eating for eight hours and fasting for 16.

    How should a beginner start intermittent fasting? ›

    People who are starting intermittent fasting for the first time may find the 12 hour fasting method the easiest. This involves fasting for 12 hours every 24-hours period. People can include time when they are asleep in this fasting window, for example, fasting from 7 p.m. to 7 a.m.

    What is the protocol for fasting? ›

    The 16/8 method: Also called the Leangains protocol, this involves an 8-hour eating period and a 16-hour fasting period. Some people do this by skipping breakfast, but you can also do the reverse and skip dinner or eat early. Eat-stop-eat: This involves fasting for 24 hours once or twice per week.

    What are the intermittent fasting intervals for beginners? ›

    A good option for beginners, then, is to fast for a set number of hours each day. This option allows you to start with fasting for around 12 hours a day, most of which you will be asleep. After you get more comfortable with 12-hour fasts, you can slowly lengthen the time of the fast.

    What is the golden rule of intermittent fasting? ›

    Intermittent Fasting Rules
    • Separate your day into two blocks—one for eating and one for fasting.
    • Intermittent fasting doesn't require specific foods or diet to work.
    • Exercising during your non-eating time frame is recommended.
    • The absolute most important rule is “Don't break your fast”.

    What is the first meal of the day for intermittent fasting? ›

    You can start intermittent fasting by skipping breakfast, having your first meal in the afternoon (about 12 p.m.), and eating your last meal before 8 p.m. Intermittent fasting is a popular type of eating plan that involves fasting for a period of time between eating periods.

    What is the best first meal for intermittent fasting? ›

    Start your fast correctly: The best way is to have a low-carb meal, with healthy fats and high-quality protein. This allows your body to activate satiety hormones that have long-term effects and mean you won't experience hunger for a long time.

    What foods won't break a fast? ›

    Foods you can eat while fasting
    • Water. Plain or carbonated water contains no calories and will keep you hydrated during a fast.
    • Coffee and tea. These should mostly be consumed without added sugar, milk, or cream. ...
    • Diluted apple cider vinegar. ...
    • Healthy fats. ...
    • Bone broth.

    Why am I not losing weight on 16:8 fasting? ›

    If you've tried intermittent fasting but aren't losing weight, possible reasons why include overeating during your eating window and poor food choices. To help, you can try eating fewer calories, work on balancing your meals, or create a smaller or larger eating window.

    What is the 2 2 2 rule fasting? ›

    Since Dr Smith says that the 2-2-2 method was derived from The Met Flex Diet, we'll explain what that entails, according to his book: The first week of the six-week plan involves 14:10 intermittent fasting (meaning you fast for 14 hours and eat during 10) and the second-week switches to 5:2 intermittent fasting ( ...

    How much weight can you lose in a month with intermittent fasting? ›

    If you consistently stay active while following intermittent fasting, you can lose as much as 6-8 pounds per month. This estimation is shockingly high when you consider that all you have to do is not eat for select hours throughout the day.

    What are the best hours for intermittent fasting? ›

    Depending on your lifestyle and when you can manage to stop eating, the best hours for intermittent fasting include the 16/8 or 14/10 fasting periods. Intermittent fasting is hailed by many as the new mantra of weight loss, disease prevention, and reversal of aging.

    How to start fasting for beginners? ›

    While you'll certainly see some physical effects, the changes of a single fast won't be permanent. That said, it's a useful tool to help you understand hunger and your reaction to it. If you're a beginner learning how to fast, start with a 24-hour goal: Eat dinner, and then refrain from eating until the next night.

    What is the best intermittent fasting window to lose belly fat? ›

    A 2023 review of research found that the 16/8 method and 16/8 combined with restricting calories were effective strategies for weight control in adults with overweight or obesity. An eating window starting before noon led to greater weight loss than one that began after noon.

    What is the most effective intermittent fasting pattern? ›

    Time-Restricted (16:8 or 14:10) Intermittent Fasting. Time-restricted fasting is one of the most commonly used methods of IF, especially for beginners. This method follows a 16:8 or 14:10 schedule, in which you fast for 16 or 14 hours a day and have an 8- or 10-hour eating window, respectively.

    What are the general rules of intermittent fasting? ›

    How to practice intermittent fasting
    • Eating during a 12-hour window every day (between 7 a.m. and 7 p.m., for example) and fasting for the other 12 hours.
    • Eating during an 8-hour window every day (between 11 a.m. and 7 p.m., for example) and fasting for the other 16 hours.
    Dec 30, 2021

    What are the dos and don'ts of intermittent fasting? ›

    Start with shorter fasting periods (12-16 hours) and gradually increase the duration as your body adapts. Listen to your body and don't push yourself beyond your limits. Don't skip meals during your eating window: While IF condenses your eating window, it doesn't mean cramming all your meals into that timeframe.

    What is allowed during intermittent fasting? ›

    With time-restricted intermittent eating, you don't eat any food while fasting and only consume drinks with very few calories, such as water or black, unsweetened coffee and tea. During the periods when you do eat, try to follow a healthy diet rich in whole grains, fruits, vegetables, and lean protein.

    What is the most ideal intermittent fasting schedule? ›

    Depending on your lifestyle and when you can manage to stop eating, the best hours for intermittent fasting include the 16/8 or 14/10 fasting periods. Intermittent fasting is hailed by many as the new mantra of weight loss, disease prevention, and reversal of aging.

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